M. Phil and Ph. D in Basic Medical Sciences

The M. Phil program is offered in the fields of Anatomy, Biochemistry, Physiology, Pharmacology and Pathology. The goal of this program is to prepare future teachers and researchers with a background of higher learning. These professionals are trained in skills and techniques so that they can provide services in diagnostic laboratory and conduct research in the field of basic medical sciences. The M.Phil coursework comprises of:

Anatomy Major (Total Credit Hours 20)
This course is designed to provide an in depth knowledge of medically oriented anatomical sciences with the perspective of structural and functional correlation. Experimental work includes cadaver dissection, preparation of specimens, slide preparations from human and animal tissues, routine and special microscopic techniques and preparation of chick embryo. Clinical sessions for practical application of knowledge especially in neuroanatomy.

MDAT 611 Functional Histology 6(4+6)
The following topics will be covered. Study of the normal structure of cell, tissues and organs at the microscopic level essential for clear understanding of their functions; lab experimentations.

MDAT 612 Histological Techniques and Microscopy 4(2+6)
The following topics will be covered. Use of histological, histochemical and microscopic techniques and use of light and electron microscope as basic tools in carrying out experimental research in anatomical areas; lab experimentations.

MDAT 711 Basic Concepts in Clinical Neuroanatomy 6(4+6)
The following topics will be covered. Study of the structure of nervous system and its functions; correlation of structure and function to neurological diseases in man; lab experimentations, clinical sessions.

MDAT 712 Developmental Anatomy and Human Embryology 4(3+3)
The following topics will be covered. Study of the relevance of the developmental processes in the human embryo to adult structures and developmental anomalies; lab experimentations.

Anatomy Minor (Total Credit Hours 10)
For interdisciplinary optional requirement, a student of anatomy major is required to register in all the courses of Anatomy Minor.

MDAT 713 General Anatomy 1(1+0)
The following topics will be covered. General aspects of the structure of human body; approaches to the study of anatomy and anatomical terminology.

MDAT 714 Topographical & Applied Anatomy of Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis & Perineum 4(2+6)
The following topics will be covered. Structure and relationship of structures and organs in thoracic region; abdomen, pelvis and perineal region; radiological and surface anatomy applications in medicine and surgery; Lab & clinical sessions.

MDAT 715 Topographical & Applied Anatomy of Head and Neck 3(2+3)
The following topics will be covered. Anatomy of head & neck, its surface and radiological anatomy related to various specialties like neurology, general surgery, internal medicine, neuro-surgery, dentistry etc. Lab work and clinical sessions.

MDAT 716 Topographical & Applied Anatomy of Extremities 2(1+3)
The following topics will be covered. Topography of bones, joints, muscles; neuro-vascular structure of upper and lower limbs; surface and radiological anatomy in medicine & surgery. The practical work in above courses includes cadaver dissection, preparation of specimens, and clinical sessions in orthopedic and radiology departments.

Physiology Major (Total Credit Hours 20)
Physiology seeks to explain living phenomena in terms of physics and chemistry. The course work provides an opportunity to extend studies in a specific area of interest within the broad fields of physiology and demonstrates in-depth knowledge of all disciplines. The research interests of the Department provide a wide selection of possible research opportunities to prepare students for a research career in basic and applied physiology. Experimental physiology includes blood, muscle, ECG, respiratory, GIT, renal and endocrine and reproductive physiology, and nervous system experiments by advanced technological equipments and methods.

MDPL 621 General Physiology 5(4+3)
The following topics will be covered. Biophysical basis of cell function in circulating body fluids; basic function of cell, muscle and cardiac cell; lab experimentation.

MDPL 622 Advanced Applied Physiology I 5(4+3)
The following topics will be covered. Cardiovascular system, respiratory system, gastrointestinal system; lab experimentation.

MDPL 721 Advanced Applied Physiology II 5(4+3)
The following topics will be covered. Kidney and acid base balance, endocrine and reproduction, and environmental physiology; lab experimentation.

MDPL 722 Geriatric Neuroscience & Physiology of Behavior 5(4+3)
The following topics will be covered. Normal and abnormal regulation and integration of mechanisms across all levels of biological organization (molecules cells organs organ systems); lab experimentation.

Physiology Minor (Total Credit Hours 10)
MDPL 723 Homeostasis and Organ Systems 5(4+3)
The following topics will be covered. Homeostasis and function of organ systems of human body; changes associated with old age; experimental work.

MDPL 724 Endocrinology & Physiology of Behavior 5(4+3)
The following topics will be covered. Advanced physiology, endocrinology, neurophysiology including concept of homeostasis, cell membrane, physiochemical basis; homeostasis, immunity, muscle, heart, kidney, respiratory system, neurophysiology, and geriatric physiology; experimental work.

Experimental physiology covers experiments on analysis of blood, clotting and bleeding time, CPR, FEV-1 & MVV, lung volumes and capacities, examination of sensory and motor system, EEG, valsalva maneuver.

Biochemistry Major (Total Credit Hours 20)
The science of biochemistry is fundamental to the understanding of the structure, organization, and functions of living matter in molecular terms. The courses are designed to impart advanced knowledge of the subject and to enable the students to conduct independent research
and apply the knowledge in teaching and practice of medicine. The subjects are as follows:

MDBC 631 Biomolecules & Biochemical Techniques 5(4+3)
The following topics will be covered. Advanced knowledge in chemistry of biomolecules and state-of-the-art experimental techniques used in separation, isolation, purification and characterization of biomolecules of biological interest; theory related experimental work.

MDBC 632 Advanced Endocrinology & Neurochemistry 5(4+3)
The following topics will be covered. Basic knowledge of biochemical endocrinology and neurochemistry; experimental work.

MDBC 731 Intermediary Metabolism and Metabolic Disorders I 5(4+3)
The following topics will be covered. Advanced knowledge of major metabolic processes involved in the utilization of biomolecules and their interrelationship in the mammalian system; role of the abnormal metabolism as the origin of certain genetic disorders; theory related experimental work.

MDBC 732 Advanced Biochemical Genetics 5(4+3)
The following topics will be covered. Molecular aspects of disease; basic knowledge in biochemical genetics and its application in medicine; experimental work.

Biochemistry Minor (Total Credit Hours 10)
MDBC 733 Biomolecules and Biomembranes 5(4+3)
The following topics will be covered. State-of-the-art knowledge in chemistry of biomolecules and biomembranes; theory related experimental work.

MDBC 734 Intermediary Metabolism & Metabolic Disorders II 5(4+3)
The following topics will be covered. Advanced knowledge of major metabolic processes involved in the utilization of biomolecules and their interrelationship in the mammalian system; role of abnormal metabolism as the origin of certain genetic disorders; theory related experimental work.

Pharmacology Major (Credit Hours 20)
The science of Pharmacology is concerned with effects of drugs on the cell and organs of living beings. It comprises of three advanced pharmacology and one advanced systemic pharmacology courses.

MDPM 641 Advanced Pharmacology I 5(4+3)
The following topics will be covered. General pharmacology (pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetics), autonomic nervous system; experimental work.

MDPM 642 Advanced Pharmacology II 5(4+3)
The following topics will be covered. Central nervous system, clinical and industrial toxicology; experimental work.

MDPM 741 Advanced Systemic Pharmacology I 5(4+3)
The following topics will be covered. Cardiovascular, renal, G.I.T, respiratory, endocrine system, rheumatism and aging diseases; experimental work.

MDPM 742 Advanced Pharmacology III 5(4+3)
The following topics will be covered. Antimicrobial, antiparasitic, chemotherapeutic, immunosuppressant agents; experimental work. Experimental pharmacology includes isolated tissues of animals and whole animal experiments; experimentation using advanced equipment and methods. Clinical pharmacology experiments conducted in hospital setup. Students will be exposed to learn modern experiments in different well reputed universities of country.

Pharmacology Minor (Total Credit Hours 10)
It comprises two courses; one advanced pharmacology and the other advanced systemic pharmacology.

MDPM 743 Advanced Pharmacology IV 5(4+3)
The following topics will be covered. General pharmacology (pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics), and basic pharmacology of autonomic nervous system and central nervous system; experimental work.

MDPM 744 Advanced Systemic Pharmacology II 5(4+3)
CVS, renal, respiratory, GIT, endocrine system, rheumatic and aging diseases; antimicrobial, antiparasitic, chemotherapeutic, immunosuppressant agents and industrial toxicology; experimental work. Experimental pharmacology covers experiments on isolated tissue of animals and whole animals.

Pathology Major (Total Credit Hours 20)
Pathology deals with scientific study of disease process. The course work is designed to train a student to adequately deal with diagnostic work in all disciplines of pathological investigations and to become a competent teacher at medical institutions.

MDPA 651 Advanced General Pathology 4(2+6)
The following topics will be covered. Scientific study of disease process and its molecular and genetic basis; normal body response to noxious stimuli, principles of homeostasis, disorders of growth including neoplasia, environmental pathology, dysmorphogenesis, cytogenetics, immunopathology, metabolic disorders, and infectious diseases.

MDPA 652 Histotechnology and Histochemistry 1(0+3)
The following topics will be covered. Knowledge and skills necessary for preparation of tissue and cells for pathological examinations, precise characterization of pathological lesions using histochemical techniques.

MDPA 653 Cytology 1(0+3)
The following topics will be covered. Practical methods of pathological changes of isolated cells or their clumps obtained from epithelial surfaces and organs.

MDPA 654 Advanced Systemic Pathology I 4(2+6)
The following topics will be covered. Pathological changes occurring in vascular, gastrointestinal, renal, hematological, lymphoid and hepatobiliary systems of body.

MDPA 751 Advanced Systemic Pathology II 5(3+6)
The following topics will be covered. Pathological changes occurring in cardiac, head & neck, respiratory, male & female genital and breast organ systems of body.

MDPA 752 Advanced Systemic Pathology III 5(3+6)
The following topics will be covered. Pathological changes occurring in endocrine, musculo-skeletal, soft-tissue, dermatologic, and peripheral & central nervous systems of body. Experimental pathology work includes extensive practical work based on histotechniques, frozen sections and routine surgical pathology work. The teaching method includes lectures, tutorials, laboratory work and journal clubs.

Pathology Minor (Total Credit Hours 10): MDPA 753 Advanced General Pathology I 5(3+6)
The following topics will be covered. Principles of general pathology including cell pathology, cellular adaptation, intracellular accumulations, haemdynamics, inflammations, and repair & healing process.

MDPA 754 Advanced General Pathology II 5(3+6)
The following topics will be covered. Principles of general pathology including neoplasia, immunopathology, and infectious, nutritional, chemical and environmental factors in diseases, genetics and cytogenetics. Experimental pathology course in minor subject includes practical work based on cell injury and repair, inflammation, neoplastic diseases, and microbiology. The teaching method includes lectures, tutorials, and laboratory work.

Hematology Major (Total credit hours 20)
Hematology deals with diagnosis, treatment, prevention and investigation of disorders of the hemopoietic, haemostatic, and lymphatic system and disorders of the interaction between blood and blood vessel wall. The course work is designed to train a student to adequately deal with diagnostic work in hematological disorders and to become a competent teacher at a medical institution.

MDHM 661 Advanced Red Blood Cell Disorders 5(3 + 6)
The course is designed so that trainee should demonstrate a comprehensive working knowledge and practical competency of the basic, molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms, classifications, clinical presentations, investigations and treatment of anaemias and recognize the morphological variations on peripheral blood smears, bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsies.

MDHM 662 Advanced White Blood Cells disorders 5 (3 + 6)
This course deals with comprehensive working knowledge and practical competency of basic molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory and neoplastic disease of white blood cells & lymphoid tissues, especially classification of leukemias, lymphomas with their staging ,investigations, diagnosis and principle of treatment.

MDHM 761 Advanced Haemorhagic & Coagulation Disorders 5 (3 + 6)
This course deals with normal haemostasis, bleeding disorders, their investigations and management.

MDHM 762 Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine 5 (3 + 6)
Blood banking is the integral part of clinical hematology. The course includes the procedures used to collect, evaluate, storage and preparation of blood products for administration to patients.

Experimental hematological work includes extensive practical work based on peripheral smears, bone marrow aspiration, trephine biopsies, cytochemical stanis, flow cytometry , cytogenetic analysis coagulation investigations, Blood Banking and transfusion techniques. The teaching method includes lectures, tutorials, laboratory work and journal clubs.

Hematology Minor (total credit hours 10)
MDHM 763 Red Cell Disorders and Blood Banking 5(3 + 6)
The course is designed so that the trainee should know the pathophysiological mechanisms classifications, clinical presentations, investigations of anaemias and morphological changes in red blood cells in various conditions; and know the principles of blood groups, techniques of blood grouping, cross matching and blood transfusion hazards.

MDHM 764 White Blood Cells and Coagulation Disorders 5(3 + 6)
The designed course deals with comprehensive working knowledge of basic, molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of white blood cells & lymphoid tissues, especially classification of leukemias, lymphomas with their staging, investigations and diagnosis. Trainee should also have thorough knowledge of Hemostasis, bleeding disorders ad their investigations.

Experimental hematological work includes extensive practical work based on peripheral smears, bone marrow aspiration, trephine biopsies, coagulation investigations, Blood Banking and. The teaching method includes lectures, tutorials, laboratory work and journal clubs.

MDMP 692 Principles of Analytical Instrumentation 5(4+3)
The course is designed to prepare the students to understand the working principles of the instruments used in biomedical research and enable them to select and apply appropriate advanced bioanalytical technique for solution of an analytical problem; to perform and interprete the results of the required laboratory experiments under supervision; application of modern chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques in separation, isolation, purification, characterization and quantization of biomolecules of interest.

Thesis (Credit Hours 24)
The research work will continue all along in the second and third year. The student shall write a thesis which will be evaluated by internal and external examiners. The student will defend the thesis before the Examination Committee.

Ph. D Program
The Ph.D program is offered in all the fields in which the M.Phil programs are offered. This is a two and a half year program in which the students are required to complete a coursework requirement of 18 credit hours, as well as carryout research and write a thesis carrying 64 credits. The thesis will be evaluated by internal and external examiners. The student will defend the thesis before the Examination Committee.

Research Methodology and Allied Topics (Total Credit Hours 10)
MDMP 691 Medical Biostatistics and Epidemiology 5(4+3)
The course is designed to provide training in applied epidemiology, biostatistics and research methodology in the research program; analysis of ideas, theories and hypothesis, and selection of appropriate methods to test hypothesis; writing synopsis / dissertation on a research topic. At the end of the course the students are expected to write a synopsis within the defined frame work in the first year of the postgraduate program. The research proposal/synopsis are presented to the department for vetting and approval. The topics covered include planning for research, evaluation of research report, epidemiologic orientation, disease prevention and control, measurement of mortality and morbidity, types of studies, organizing, displaying and summarizing data, sampling methods, one and two sampling significance testing, confidence interval and sampling distribution. The course is conducted in lectures and practical. Self-directed learning methods and logbooks are used. Beside the textbooks students are encouraged to read the additional reading material / journals.